A crise do jornalismo e o futuro da comunicação

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Charge emblemática quanto a falta de sintonia entre as mídias de massa e a população (Blog Danizudo/Reprodução)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Por Rennan Martins

A difusão massiva das tecnologias de informação estremeceu as bases da sociedade e de suas instituições em escala global. Hoje, todo cidadão com acesso à um smartphone e internet pode produzir mídia em tempo real, e, dependendo da relevância da informação captada, esta dá a volta ao mundo em questão de horas, passando por um processo colaborativo no qual é possível adicionar mais fatos, gerar reflexão sobre o tema e até mesmo distorcer o que ela originalmente quis dizer.

A revolução que estes recursos têm trazido ao mundo já é visível, diversos movimentos de massa, espontâneos ou orquestrados se mobilizam pelas redes, e é possível observar uma verdadeira guerra da informação em torno de pautas e visões de mundo, enquanto isto, a grande mídia perde credibilidade e é vista cada dia mais como porta-voz do interesse de conglomerados econômicos, o que a leva a uma decadência ainda mais rápida.

Este processo está nos conduzindo a uma reformulação na maneira de fazer jornalismo, onde novos métodos e dilemas surgem. É preciso conciliar a necessidade urgente do furo com o cuidado de verificação da veracidade e ainda criar um modelo de financiamento que garanta a sobrevivência da boa informação, aquela que não possui comprometimento nem com o Estado nem com a iniciativa privada.

É neste ponto que o livro A explosão do jornalismo: Das mídias de massa à massa de mídias, de Ignacio Ramonet se insere, trazendo diversos dados, fatos e produzindo uma reflexão profunda sobre o futuro do jornalismo. O autor nos dá uma visão sobre os desafios impostos aos setor midiático.

Abaixo segue uma transcrição de um dos melhores trechos do livro o qual Ramonet expõe a nova configuração que a web trouxe ao setor da comunicação. Polêmico, ele considera agora, “O verdadeiro poder é [...] mantido por um feixe de grupos econômicos e financeiros planetários e de empresas globais, cujo peso nos negócios do mundo é, às vezes, mais importante que o dos Estados. Eles são os ‘novos mestres do mundo’.”

Confira:

Uma só esfera

Trecho de “A explosão do jornalismo: Das mídias de massa à massa de mídias”, de Ignacio Ramonet

O verdadeiro poder é, a partir de agora, mantido por um feixe de grupos econômicos e financeiros planetários e de empresas globais, cujo peso nos negócios do mundo é, às vezes, mais importante que o dos Estados. Eles são os “novos mestres do mundo”.

Neste novo quadro geoeconômico, produziu-se uma metamorfose decisiva no campo das mídias de massa. A “revolução digital” quebrou as fronteiras que separavam as três formas tradicionais de comunicação: o som, a escrita e a imagem. Ela favoreceu o desenvolvimento da web. A internet representa um quarto modo de comunicar, uma nova maneira de se expressar, de se informar, de criar, de consumir, de se distrair, de estabelecer relações…

As empresas midiáticas procuram agrupar em seu interior todas as mídias (edição, fotografia, imprensa, rádio, cinema, televisão, internet), mas também todas as atividades das três grandes esferas: a cultura de massa, a comunicação e a informação. Essas esferas eram antes autônomas. De um lado, a cultura de massa, com sua lógica comercial, suas criações populares, seus objetivos essencialmente mercantis. De outro, a comunicação, a publicidade, o marketing, a propaganda, a retórica da persuasão. Enfim, a informação, com suas agências de notícias, os boletins, radiodifundidos ou televisionados, a imprensa escrita, os canais de informação contínua, os sites de informação, os blogues, o universo de todos os jornalismos.

Essas três esferas, antes tão diferentes, imbricaram-se pouco a pouco para constituir uma única esfera ciclópica, no interior da qual se torna cada vez mais difícil distinguir as atividades provenientes da cultura de massa, da comunicação, da informação ou da internet. A internet absorve tudo, ela é totalizadora.

Além disso, essas novas empresas midiáticas, produtoras de símbolos, difundem mensagens de todo tipo, nas quais se misturam televisão, desenhos animados, cinema, videogame, CD, DVD, edição, websites, parques de diversão (gênero Disneyland), esporte-espetáculo etc.

Em outros termos, as novas empresas de mídias possuem duas singularidades, primeiramente, elas se ocupam de tudo o que deriva da escrita, da imagem e do som, e difundem pelos canais mais diversos (imprensa escrita, rádios, televisões, web, telefone, tablets). Em segundo lugar, essas empresas são planetárias, globais, e não somente nacionais ou locais.

Mas os novos gigantes da rede, como Google, Yahoo!, ou Facebook, contam com uma vantagem decisiva: eles nasceram dentro do novo ecossistema e são muito mais bem-adaptados a um ambiente no qual a web é o oxigênio.

Em 1941, Orson Welles atacava o “superpoder” do Cidadão Kane. No entanto, comparado ao dos colossos midiáticos planetários atuais, o poder de Kane era insignificante. Proprietário de alguns jornais da imprensa escrita em somente um país, Kane dispunha de um poder minúsculo (sem ser, apesar disso, desprovido de eficácia em escala local ou nacional) diante do poder de fogo dos novos mastodontes midiáticos.

 

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