A Grande Oportunidade

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O Brasil está diante de uma grande oportunidade diante da iniciativa da presidenta Dilma, que reconheceu a energia democrática que vinha das ruas. Esse movimento pode ser o motor do aprofundamento da democracia no novo ciclo político que se aproxima. Caso contrário, a direita tudo fará para que o novo ciclo seja tão excludente quanto os velhos ciclos que durante tantas décadas protagonizou. E não esqueçamos que terá a seu lado o big brother do Norte, a quem não convém um governo de esquerda estável em nenhuma parte do mundo.

por Boaventura de Sousa Santos na Carta Maior

A história ensina e a atualidade confirma que não é nos períodos de mais aguda crise ou privação que os cidadãos se revoltam contra um estado de coisas injusto, obrigando as instituições e o poder político a inflexões significativas na governança. Sendo sempre difíceis as comparações, seria de esperar que os jovens gregos, portugueses e espanhóis, governados por governos conservadores que lhes estão a sequestrar o futuro, tanto no emprego como na saúde e na educação, se revoltassem nas ruas mais intensamente que os jovens brasileiros, governados por um governo progressista que tem prosseguido políticas de inclusão social, ainda que minado pela corrupção e, por vezes, equivocado a respeito da prioridade relativa do poder económico e dos direitos de cidadania.

Sendo esta a realidade, seria igualmente de esperar que as forças de esquerda do Brasil não se tivessem deixado surpreender pela explosão de um mal-estar que se vinha acumulando e que as suas congêneres do sul da Europa se estivessem a preparar para os tempos de contestação que podem surgir a qualquer momento. Infelizmente assim não sucedeu nem sucede. De um lado, uma esquerda no governo fascinada pela ostentação internacional e pelo boom dos recursos naturais; do outro, uma esquerda em oposição acéfala, paralisada entre o centrismo bafiento de um Partido Socialista ávido de poder a qualquer preço e o imobilismo embalsamado do Partido Comunista.

O Bloco de Esquerda é o único interessado em soluções mais abrangentes mas sabe que sozinho nada conseguirá.

Mas a semelhança entre as esquerdas dos dois lados do Atlântico termina aqui. As do Brasil estão em condições de transformar o seu fracasso numa grande oportunidade. Se as aproveitarão ou não, é uma questão em aberto, mas os sinais são encorajadores. Identifico os principais. Primeiro, a Presidente Dilma reconheceu a energia democrática que vinha das ruas e praças, prometeu dar a máxima atenção às reivindicações dos manifestantes, e dispôs-se finalmente a encontrar-se com representantes dos movimentos e organizações sociais, o que se recusara fazer desde o início do seu mandato. Resta saber se neste reconhecimento se incluem os movimentos indígenas que mais diretamente têm afrontado o modelo de desenvolvimento, assente na extração de recursos naturais a qualquer preço, e têm sido vítimas constantes da violência estatal e pára-estatal e de violações grosseiras do direito internacional (consulta prévia, inviolabilidade dos seus territórios).

Segundo, sinal da justeza das reivindicações do Movimento Passe Livre (MPL) sobre o preço e as condições de transportes, em muitas cidades foram anulados os aumentos de preço e, nalguns casos, prometeram-se passes gratuitos para estudantes. Para enfrentar os problemas estruturais neste setor, a Presidente prometeu um plano nacional de mobilidade urbana. Sendo certo que as concessionárias de transportes são fortes financiadoras das campanhas eleitorais, tais problemas nunca serão resolvidos sem uma reforma política profunda. A Presidente, ciente disso e do polvo da corrupção, dispôs-se a promover tal reforma, garantindo maior participação e controlo cidadão, e mais transparência às instituições. Reside aqui o terceiro sinal.

Creio, no entanto, que só muito pressionada é que a Presidente se envolverá em tal reforma. Está em vésperas de eleições, e ao longo do seu mandato conviveu melhor com a bancada parlamentar ruralista (com um poder político infinitamente superior ao peso populacional que representa) e com suas agendas do latifúndio e da agroindústria do que com os setores em luta pela defesa da economia familiar, reforma agrária, territórios indígenas e quilombolas, campanhas contra os agrotóxicos, etc. A reforma do sistema político terá de incluir um processo constituinte, e nisso se deverão envolver os sectores políticos das esquerdas institucionais e movimentos e organizações sociais mais lúcidos.

O quarto sinal reside na veemência com que os movimentos sociais que têm vindo a lutar pela inclusão social e foram a âncora do Fórum Social Mundial no Brasil se distanciaram dos grupos fascistoides e violentos infiltrados nos protestos e das forças políticas conservadoras (tendo ao seu serviço os grandes meios de comunicação), apostadas em tirar dividendos do questionamento popular. Virar as classes populares contra o partido e os governos que, em balanço geral, mais têm feito pela promoção social delas era a grande manobra da direita, e parece ter fracassado. A isso ajudou também a promessa da Presidente de cativar 100% dos direitos da exploração do petróleo para a educação (Angola e Moçambique, despertem enquanto é tempo) e de atrair milhares de médicos estrangeiros para o serviço unificado de saúde (o SUS, correspondente ao SNS português).

Nestes sinais reside a grande oportunidade de as forças progressistas no governo e na oposição aproveitarem o momento extra-institucional que o país vive e fazerem dele o motor do aprofundamento da democracia no novo ciclo político que se aproxima. Se o não fizerem, a direita tudo fará para que o novo ciclo seja tão excludente quanto os velhos ciclos que durante tantas décadas protagonizou. E não esqueçamos que terá a seu lado o big brother do Norte, a quem não convém um governo de esquerda estável em nenhuma parte do mundo, e muito menos no quintal que ainda julga ser seu.

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